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相关概念视频

Base Quantities and Derived Quantities01:14

Base Quantities and Derived Quantities

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In any system of units, the units for some physical quantities must be specified through a measurement process. These measurements are the base quantities of the system, and their units are the base units of the system. The algebraic combinations of the base values can then be used to express all other physical quantities. Each of these physical quantities is then referred to as a derived quantity, with each unit being referred to as a derived unit.
The International Organization for...
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Levels of Use of a GIS01:29

Levels of Use of a GIS

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) operate across three levels of application, each representing an increasing degree of complexity: data management, analysis, and prediction. These levels reflect the expanding functionality and versatility of GIS technology in handling spatial data for diverse purposes.Data ManagementAt its foundational level, GIS serves as a tool for data management, enabling the input, storage, retrieval, and organization of spatial data. This level is often employed in...
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GIS Software, Hardware, and Sources of GIS Data01:23

GIS Software, Hardware, and Sources of GIS Data

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A Geographic Information System (GIS) combines specialized software and hardware to effectively manage, analyze, and present spatial and related data. GIS software includes critical functionalities such as a user interface for easy navigation, database management tools for handling spatial and attribute data, and data retrieval features for efficient access. Analytical tools transform raw data into insights, while display functions produce maps and reports in various formats for effective...
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Selected Data About Geographic Locations01:25

Selected Data About Geographic Locations

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) rely on two core types of data: spatial data and attribute data.Spatial DataSpatial data defines the physical location of features within a coordinate system, typically expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. It provides precise positioning for elements like roads, rivers, or buildings.Attribute DataAttribute data complements spatial data by adding descriptive information about these features. For example, a road's spatial data includes its start and...
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Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact01:03

Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact

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Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Biotherapeutic Mass Calculation by Introducing mAbScale, a Python-Based Desktop Application
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全球合同级公共采购数据集

Mihály Fazekas1, Bence Tóth2, Aly Abdou3

  • 1Central European University, Quellenstraße 51, 1100, Wien, Austria.

Data in brief
|May 3, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

全球公共采购数据集 (GPPD) 提供了全球超过7200万份政府合同的标准化数据. 这个资源可以研究公共采购效率和腐败风险.

关键词:
反腐败,市场结构,公共支出效率.合同 合同 合同 合同 合同 合同公共采购 公共采购招标 招标 招标 招标

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科学领域:

  • 经济学 经济学 经济学
  • 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
  • 数据科学数据科学数据科学

背景情况:

  • 公共采购占全球政府支出的很大一部分,估计每年10万亿美元.
  • 现有的公共采购数据是分散的,缺乏全球可比性,阻碍了全面的分析.
  • 这种差距限制了对经济发展,政治影响和支出效率的研究.

研究的目的:

  • 引入全球公共采购数据集 (GPPD),这是一个新的,大规模的,全球可比的数据集.
  • 标准化和整合来自众多国家的公共采购数据.
  • 为分析公共采购,包括效率和腐败风险提供资源.

主要方法:

  • 网络抓取被用来收集来自42个国家的超过7200万份合同的数据 (2006-2021年).
  • 进行了数据标准化,以确保所有国家都有一个共同的格式.
  • 收集的信息包括买家,供应商,地理位置,产品分类,价格和合同流程细节.

主要成果:

  • GPPD包含超过7200万份合同记录,标准化用于跨国分析.
  • 该数据集包括腐败风险指标和用于客观风险评估的复合指数.
  • 数据允许过以专注于被授予的合同,并且可以与公司注册表联系起来.

结论:

  • 该GPPD解决了全球可比的公共采购数据的关键需求.
  • 这一数据集有助于研究公共支出效率,腐败以及更广泛的经济和政治话题.
  • 标准化和丰富的数据为公共管理和经济学中的实证研究提供了新的途径.