学校风险:我们可以减轻多基因皮格马利翁效应吗?
Lucas J Matthews1, Zhijun Zhang2, Daphne O Martschenko3
1Columbia University, Department of Medical Humanities & Ethics, New York, NY, United States; The Hastings Center, New York, NY, United States.
Acta psychologica
|July 14, 2024
概括
对教育成就 (EA-PGS) 的多基因分数令人失望,会对学生的自尊和学术效率产生负面影响. 缓解信息在两项研究中没有显著改变这些影响.
科学领域:
- 行为遗传学 行为遗传学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 社会遗传学是社会遗传学.
背景情况:
- 教育成果的多基因分数 (PGS) 是公开可用的,在"精准教育"中提出了应用.
- 之前的研究表明,令人失望的PGS结果可能会产生潜在的负面影响,称为"多基因皮格马利翁效应".
- 本研究研究了可能减轻或加剧这些负面影响的因素.
研究的目的:
- 确定可能减轻或加剧低百分位数多基因成绩对教育成就 (EA-PGS) 的负面影响的因素.
- 根据EA-PGS的结果,检查"多基因皮格马利翁效应".
主要方法:
- 进行了两项研究,每项涉及1188名学生,随机分为四个条件:低EA-PGS,低EA-PGS + 缓解信息,低EA-PGS + 恶化信息和控制.
- 用回归分析来比较条件之间的结果.
主要成果:
- 对照组的参与者始终报告了更高的自尊,能力,学术效率和教育潜力.
- 虽然缓解信息显示出对能力的一些积极影响,但EA-PGS结果较低与自尊,能力,学术效率和教育潜力较低显著相关,不论背景信息如何.
结论:
- 这些研究复制了多基因的Pygmalion效应,证明了EA-PGS令人失望的结果对学生心理和学术评估的负面影响.
- 该研究不足以检测缓解上下文信息的显著影响.
- 令人失望的EA-PGS结果与自我认知的下降有着强烈的联系,突出了对教育应用的担忧.
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