身体活动和心脏形态学适应
Andreas Pittaras1,2, Charles Faselis1,2, Michael Doumas1,2
1Department of Cardiology, Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC 20422, USA.
Reviews in cardiovascular medicine
|July 30, 2024
概括
剧烈的运动会导致心脏生理变化,被称为"运动员的心脏",与病理性缩不同. 适度的有氧运动可以降低血压,减少左心室缩的刺激.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学和运动医学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 心脏适应的过程
背景情况:
- 慢性强度运动可以诱导心脏适应,包括增加左心室壁厚度和腔体直径,有时满足左心室缩 (LVH) 的标准,称为"运动员的心脏".
- 极度运动也可能增加左心室的轨道运动,满足非紧缩性心肌病的标准作为运动诱导的适应.
- 由于高血压或膜问题的病态心脏缩导致功能不良和心血管事件增加,与生理运动适应不同.
研究的目的:
- 要区分病理性多变性心肌病变 (HCM) 和与运动相关的非病理性左心室多变性 (LVH) 或运动员心脏.
- 为正常的生理心脏适应运动提出术语"缩性缩".
- 确定日常活动期间的缩血压作为心脏适应的关键预测因素.
主要方法:
- 关于运动诱导的心脏适应和病理性缩的现有文献的综述.
- 分析运动强度,持续时间,体积和心肌工作负载之间的关系.
- 作为心脏重塑的预测因素,在运动和日常活动期间检查缩血压反应.
主要成果:
- 与运动相关的心脏适应是对工作量增加的生理反应,与病理性缩不同.
- 在日常活动中静脉血压,在中度运动中可能在150mmHg左右,可以预测左心室缩.
- 适度强度的有氧训练降低了休息和炼系统血压,减少了LVH的刺激,促进了回归.
结论:
- 心脏对运动的适应是"缩性"过度缩,这是一个正常的生理反应,与病态的LVH不同.
- 区分运动员的心脏和HCM至关重要,特别是在运动员体验炼引发的突然心脏死亡时.
- 有氧运动干预可以通过降低日常活动期间的血液动力负担,有效地减少LVH的刺激.
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