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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

340
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
340
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

775
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
775
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
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Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
149
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Utilizing Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Improve Language Function in Stroke Patients with Chronic Non-fluent Aphasia
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在阿法西亚中,执行功能与叙事语言能力之间的关系

Manaswita Dutta1, Laura L Murray2, Brielle C Stark3

  • 1Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Portland State University, OR.

American journal of speech-language pathology
|August 8, 2024
PubMed
概括

这项研究发现,执行功能 (EF) 和叙事能力与患有失语症的人有关. 较低的口头EF分数显著预测了在失言症和对照组中更差的故事重述表现.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 语言学的语言学.
  • 认知心理学 认知心理学

背景情况:

  • 患有失言症的人通常在执行功能 (EF) 和口头话语方面面临挑战.
  • 有限的研究存在于EF和语音能力在失语症之间的具体关系.

研究的目的:

  • 调查口头和非口头执行功能 (EF) 与患有失语症 (PWA) 个体的叙事生产之间的联系.
  • 探索不同层次的语言分析如何与PWA和神经健康对照 (NHC) 中的EF有关.

主要方法:

  • 22个PWA和24个NHC完成了EF评估和一个故事重述任务.
  • 对叙述样本进行了微语言和宏语言特征分析.
  • 相关性和回归分析检查了EF因素和叙述性表现之间的关系.

主要成果:

  • 与NHC相比,PWA在微语言和宏语言层面上表现出受损的叙事表现.
  • 结构性语言崩与故事完整性和组织的减少相关,特别是在PWA中.
  • 语言EF和语言/非语言流利因素显著预测了叙事表现;非语言EF也对宏观语言话语做出了贡献.

结论:

  • 语言和外语认知能力都会影响PWA中的故事重述.
  • 语言和非语言EF技能与叙事能力相关,在话语水平上有不同的贡献.
  • 对EF和话语的全面评估对于理解和支持患有失言症的人来说至关重要.