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相关概念视频

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development

608
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
608
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

612
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
612
The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

38
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
38

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior
07:09

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Published on: November 14, 2018

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头部定向如何构建婴儿视觉注意力的发展变化

John M Franchak1, Linda Smith2, Chen Yu3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA.

Developmental psychobiology
|August 28, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

随着婴儿的成长,他们学会协调眼睛和头部的运动,以更好地视觉聚焦. 在他们看来,年龄较大的婴儿优先考虑中心的玩具,而不是他们的照顾者.

关键词:
注意力 发展 发展 注意力 发展眼睛跟踪 眼睛跟踪面部感知 面部感知持续的注意力持续的注意力视觉注意力 视觉注意力 视觉注意力

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科学领域:

  • 发展心理学是发展心理学.
  • 认知神经科学是一种认知神经科学.
  • 婴儿视觉行为婴儿视觉行为

背景情况:

  • 传统的婴儿注意力研究使用基于屏幕的任务.
  • 现实世界的视觉探索涉及协调的眼睛和头部运动.
  • 对婴儿如何通过凝视控制来构建视觉体验的理解有限.

研究的目的:

  • 调查婴儿如何协调眼睛和头部的运动从9到24个月.
  • 在现实环境中检查视觉注意力策略的发展.
  • 了解婴儿如何在以头为中心的视野 (FOV) 中定位目标.

主要方法:

  • 在9~24个月大的婴儿玩时,头部安装的眼睛跟踪.
  • 在以头部为中心的FOV内测量眼动和目标方向.
  • 观察婴儿与护理人员和玩具的互动.

主要成果:

  • 随着年龄的增长,婴儿越来越多地将玩具放在他们的FOV中,将注意力从照顾者的脸上转移.
  • 长时间观看时,脸部和玩具都能更好地集中,这表明持续的注意力.
  • 手动操作无法解释观察到的FOV偏差;持有玩具的中心位置比不持有玩具的中心位置差.

结论:

  • 婴儿的视觉探索策略在9至24个月之间显著发展.
  • 包括注意力,运动技能,认知和社交互动在内的发育因素影响着凝视控制.
  • 视觉目标的集中与年龄相关的变化反映了发展注意力优先级和目光控制机制.