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相关概念视频

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

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The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
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Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Bacterial Signaling01:30

Bacterial Signaling

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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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相关实验视频

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Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy to Observe Essential Processes During Microbial Cell Growth
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Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy to Observe Essential Processes During Microbial Cell Growth

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调节细菌功能利用转录性调节模块的知识库.

Jongoh Shin1, Daniel C Zielinski1, Bernhard O Palsson1,2,3

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

这项研究介绍了iModulons,机器学习定义的基因组,用于可预测的细胞工程. 这种方法增强了基因电路设计和控制,以改善菌株工程和细胞功能重编程.

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科学领域:

  • 合成生物学和代谢工程合成生物学和代谢工程
  • 计算生物学和机器学习在遗传学中的应用.

背景情况:

  • 合成生物学旨在重编程细胞功能,但在可扩展性和可预测性方面面临挑战.
  • 取决于环境的性能和复杂的电路-主机相互作用阻碍了可靠的基因工程.

研究的目的:

  • 引入和验证基于iModulon的工程方法,用于可预测的细胞重编程.
  • 证明iModulons作为提高基因组工程效率和控制的设计部件的实用性.

主要方法:

  • 利用机器学习来定义iModulons,iModulons是代表功能细胞模块的共同调节的基因组.
  • 应用iModulon发现,增强,再平衡和基因注释策略用于菌株工程.
  • 基于iModulon的方法与传统方法进行了效率和可预测性的比较.

主要成果:

  • 发现了新的iModulons来提高蛋白质生产率,耐热性和果糖利用率.
  • 通过使用iModulon增强方法在透应激下改善了细胞生长.
  • 通过iModulon再平衡,通过最小的权衡实现了氧化应激耐受性的增加.
  • 通过基于iModulon的基因注释和重新连接,启用了自然能力激活.

结论:

  • 与传统方法相比,基于iModulon的工程方法在应变工程中提供了更高的效率和可预测性.
  • 这一策略通过对复杂的监管网络提供精细的控制,使细胞功能的系统和可预测的重编程成为可能.