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相关概念视频

Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

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Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
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Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

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Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
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False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Cause and Effect01:53

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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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从理解到证明:基于人工智能的法医证据评估的计算可靠性

Juan M Durán1, David van der Vloed2, Arnout Ruifrok2

  • 1Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX, Delft, Netherlands.

Forensic science international. Synergy
|September 17, 2024
PubMed
概括

在法医科学中的人工智能 (AI) 只要其可靠性得到证明,就可以信任. 计算可靠性 (CR) 使用技术,科学和社会指标来证明对语音和面部比较的人工智能输出的信念.

关键词:
证据评估 证据评估可以解释的可解释性.法医人工智能 法医人工智能可靠主义的可靠性

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科学领域:

  • 科学哲学的哲学科学哲学
  • 法医科学 法医科学 法医科学
  • 人工智能的人工智能

背景情况:

  • 人工智能算法越来越多地用于法医生物识别,但通常作为"黑子"发挥作用.
  • 将这些人工智能系统纳入刑事法中提出了重要的伦理,法律和哲学问题.
  • 需要一个多学科的辩论来解决AI在法医证据评估中的适用性.

研究的目的:

  • 介绍科学哲学对AI在法医证据评估中的使用的观点.
  • 引入计算可靠性 (CR) 作为评估AI可靠性的框架.
  • 在法律背景下,论证AI输出在语音和面部比较中的合理性.

主要方法:

  • 在法医科学中将计算可靠性 (CR) 的框架应用于AI.
  • 将相信人工智能可靠性的理由分为三种类型的指标:技术,科学和社会.
  • 基于这些指标,分析AI适用于法医语音和面部比较的适用性.

主要成果:

  • 在法医语音和面部比较中的AI输出可以在CR下被认为是可靠的.
  • 技术指标包括算法验证,法医应用程序验证和基于案例的验证.
  • 科学指标包括面孔/声音中固有的识别信息和已建立的法医指标.
  • 社会指标包括科学共识和从业人员的专业知识.

结论:

  • 计算可靠性为评估AI在法医证据中提供了一个强大的框架,超出了简单的解释性.
  • 专家证人可能会优先考虑技术指标,而事实试验者可能会依靠社会指标来获得AI支持的证据.
  • 这项研究支持对人工智能驱动的声音和面部法医比较的合理信念.