脑部状态的瞬间变化会在整个发育过程中发生变化,并导致执行功能的个体差异
Jean Ye1, Link Tejavibulya1, Wei Dai2
1Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|September 24, 2024
概括
大脑信号的神经变异性 (SEV) 在发育过程中发生变化,在青春期稳定. 大脑状态参与中的这种发育转变预测了年轻人的执行功能.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 计算神经科学是一种神经科学.
背景情况:
- 神经的可变性支持灵活的大脑响应不断变化的需求.
- 从童年到青春期的大脑发育涉及经验和神经功能的显著变化.
- 了解大脑状态参与的变化在发育过程中如何演变至关重要,但仍未得到充分探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查整个童年和青春期的状态参与变化 (SEV) 的发展轨迹.
- 确定SEV变化是否预测年轻人的认知能力,特别是执行功能 (EF).
- 在SEV的发展模式中识别潜在的性别差异.
主要方法:
- 利用一种新的计算框架,同时评估多个大脑状态.
- 分析了来自3000多名参与者的横截面和纵向神经影像数据集.
- 在一个独立的青年队伍中,研究了发育性SEV模式和执行职能表现之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 在不同数据集中确定了SEV与年龄相关的变化的一致模式.
- 发现SEV发育轨迹倾向于在青春期中期左右稳定,根据性别和特定大脑状态的变化.
- 证明SEV显著预测执行职能,变化的SEV发展与较差的EF结果有关.
结论:
- 国家参与变化 (SEV) 在整个发育过程中经历了显著的变化,最终在青春期稳定.
- 在SEV的发展变化与年轻人的执行功能能力有关.
- 在发育过程中,SEV代表了一个关键的神经机制,它是认知灵活性和适应的基础.
相关概念视频
01:30Information Processing Approach
31
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
31
01:30Biological Influences on Intelligence
80
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
80
01:19High-Level and Low-Level Awareness
252
Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
252
01:29Environmental Influences on Intelligence
229
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
229
01:27Language and Cognition
336
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
336
01:01Neuroplasticity
310
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
310