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相关概念视频

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy01:24

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Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) are grounded in the belief that our thoughts profoundly influence our emotions and actions. Advocates of CBT emphasize three core assumptions: first, that cognitions are identifiable and measurable; second, that they are central to psychological functioning; and third, that irrational or maladaptive beliefs can be replaced with rational and adaptive ones. This transformative approach to therapy has paved the way for specific models such as Albert...
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
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Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
Primary Appraisal:...
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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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有理性的乐观主义.

Matthew F Wilson1,2, Tyler J VanderWeele2,3

  • 1Philosophy, John Brown University, 2000 West University Street, Siloam Springs, AR 72761 USA.

Philosophia (Ramat-Gan, Israel)
|September 26, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

这项研究引入了一个新的乐观主义分类法,认为一些乐观主义的信念,如资源和代理乐观主义,可以是理性的和认识论上的理由. 对前景乐观的评价是不同的,重点是实际和道德的理由.

关键词:
相对的乐观是相对的乐观.处置性的乐观主义.认识论的理性是认识论的理性.乐观的乐观主义 乐观的乐观主义不切实际的乐观主义.

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相关实验视频

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科学领域:

  • 思想的哲学 思想的哲学
  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 认识论的认识论学.

背景情况:

  • 哲学批评质疑乐观主义信仰的合理性.
  • 现有的心理学文献识别了各种形式的乐观主义,有时有竞争的定义.

研究的目的:

  • 论证合理乐观主义的可能性.
  • 提出一种新的乐观信念的四重分类.
  • 区分认识论上合理的乐观主义和实际上评估的乐观主义.

主要方法:

  • 开发一个乐观信念的四重分类.
  • 对不同类型的乐观主义的认识论理由的哲学分析.
  • 与现有的关于乐观主义的心理学和哲学文献进行比较.

主要成果:

  • 确定了两种类型的理性乐观:基于资源和代理的乐观,基于关于资源和代理的事实.
  • 认为前景乐观主义不是受到认识论的审视,而是实践/道德的评价.
  • 澄清了心理学研究中发现的乐观主义的竞争形式.

结论:

  • 理性乐观是可能的,并且在特定条件下可以在认识体系上得到证明.
  • 视角乐观为乐观研究提供了一个新的维度,在实际和道德基础上进行评估.
  • 拟议的分类学推进了对乐观主义的哲学和心理理解.