来自基的循环聚合物:一个审查
Parker T Boeck1,2, Adam S Veige1,2
1George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Sciences & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA.
Chemical science
|September 30, 2024
概括
本综述涵盖了由基制成的循环聚合物,详细介绍了合成方法和材料和电子中的应用. 它比较了这些多功能循环聚合物的技术,并建议了这些多功能循环聚合物的未来催化系统发展.
科学领域:
- 聚合物化学 聚合物化学
- 有机合成 有机合成
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
背景情况:
- 循环聚合物在材料科学,生物医学和无机化学中提供了多样化的应用.
- 类是合成循环聚合物的关键单体,在电子材料和聚烯中得到了广泛的应用.
研究的目的:
- 审查从单基和异基基合成循环聚合物的最新进展.
- 提供综合方法和应用的全面概述.
- 促进合成方法的比较分析,并确定未来的研究机会.
主要方法:
- 关于从基单体合成循环聚合物的文献综述.
- 合成方法的分析,包括单基和非替代基的合成方法.
- 对现有的合成路线及其局限性的比较评估.
主要成果:
- 突出了从各种基单体合成循环聚合物的近期进展.
- 详细介绍了已建立的合成路线及其相关应用.
- 对不同合成方法的优点和局限性进行了比较分析.
结论:
- 来自基的循环聚合物对于先进材料和聚烯至关重要.
- 为了高效的合成,需要进一步开发新的催化系统.
- 本综述为未来对基因衍生周期性聚合物的研究提供了基础.
相关概念视频
02:38Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation
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Introduction
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.
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02:39Nomenclature of Alkynes
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Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of carbon-carbon triple bonds and have a general formula CnH2n-2. The nomenclature of alkynes follows a set of rules similar to alkanes and alkenes; however, alkynes bear the suffix "-yne" instead of "-ane" or "-ene." There are two approaches to naming alkynes:
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02:24Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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02:27Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction
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Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
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02:37Structure and Physical Properties of Alkynes
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Introduction:
In nature, compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen are known as "hydrocarbons". Aliphatic hydrocarbons are compounds whose molecules contain saturated single bonds (i.e., alkanes) or unsaturated double or triple bonds. Alkenes contain carbon–carbon double bonds and have a structural formula CnH2n. Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon–carbon triple bonds are called "alkynes" and are structurally represented by the formula CnH2n-2.
The...
In nature, compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen are known as "hydrocarbons". Aliphatic hydrocarbons are compounds whose molecules contain saturated single bonds (i.e., alkanes) or unsaturated double or triple bonds. Alkenes contain carbon–carbon double bonds and have a structural formula CnH2n. Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon–carbon triple bonds are called "alkynes" and are structurally represented by the formula CnH2n-2.
The...
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02:34Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation
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Introduction
Alkynes can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal or geminal dihalides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. The reaction proceeds with the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen halide (HX) via two successive E2 elimination reactions.
Alkynes can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal or geminal dihalides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. The reaction proceeds with the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen halide (HX) via two successive E2 elimination reactions.
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