应对人工智能支持的组合设备的监管和政策挑战.
Snigdha Santra1, Preet Kukreja2, Kinshuk Saxena3
1Chugai Pharma, Berkeley, NJ, United States.
Frontiers in medical technology
|December 13, 2024
概括
医疗保健组合设备中的人工智能 (AI) 在美国和欧盟面临监管障碍. 需要新的适应性政策框架来平衡人工智能驱动的医疗技术的创新与患者安全.
科学领域:
- 医疗器械规则 医疗器械规则
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 卫生技术评估 卫生技术评估
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 正在改变医疗保健组合设备 (CD).
- 现有的监管途径,比如美国FDA的510k,在不断更新人工智能方面扎.
- 欧盟 (EU) 的法规涉及人工智能,但在合规性评估中面临着自适应算法的挑战.
研究的目的:
- 检查美国和欧盟对支持人工智能的组合设备的监管环境.
- 确定制造商和监管机构在批准这些创新医疗技术方面所面临的障碍.
- 提出适应性政策框架,以便在医疗保健中安全和公平地采用人工智能.
主要方法:
- 对AI设备的美国FDA 510 (((k) 途径限制的分析.
- 审查欧盟关于软件和人工智能的医疗器械法规.
- 审查案例研究和召回的设备,以了解监管导航的挑战.
- 综合洞察力,提出适应性政策建议.
主要成果:
- 对预测设备的监管依赖阻碍了人工智能创新,特别是对于持续学习算法.
- 目前在欧盟的合规性评估面临着将自适应性AI纳入其中的困难.
- 设备召回突出了解决AI特定风险的监管框架的关键需求,例如模型退化和数据偏差.
- 制造商在应对各种国际监管要求时遇到重大挑战.
结论:
- 适应性政策框架对于平衡患者安全与人工智能在医疗设备中的快速发展至关重要.
- 建议制定全球标准,以促进安全,有效和公平地采用支持人工智能的组合设备.
- 监管机构和政策制定者必须合作,创造灵活的监管途径,以适应人工智能在医疗保健中的独特性质.
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