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Updated: May 30, 2025

Preparing Silica Aerogel Monoliths via a Rapid Supercritical Extraction Method

Preparing Silica Aerogel Monoliths via a Rapid Supercritical Extraction Method

Published on: February 28, 2014

超强轻型气凝,通过表面反应形成超连续层.

Tianpei Zhou¹, Linbo He¹, Yu Zhen¹

¹Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Center for Micro and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|January 28, 2025

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研究人员开发了一种新方法,在气凝纤维上创建超连续的二氧化 (ZrO2) 纳米层. 这显著提高了气凝的强度,抗冲击性和温度稳定性,而不会增加密度.

科学领域:

材料科学材料科学材料科学
纳米技术纳米技术
陶工程陶工程陶工程

背景情况:

气凝具有出色的热和轻量特性,但受到离散粒和纳米单元接口的限制.
由于性能限制,现有的气凝难以满足对先进的热保护,能源利用和高温应用的需求.

研究的目的:

通过提高气凝的热和机械性能来克服气凝的性能限制.
开发一种新的方法,在气凝表面上创建连续的纳米层,以提高结构完整性.

主要方法:

采用了热力学驱动的表面反应和受限结晶过程.
在ZrO2-SiO2纤维气凝表面上合成了一个厘米级超连续的二氧化 (ZrO2) 纳米层.

主要成果:

合成的气凝的密度约为26毫克/厘米-3,热性能和机械性能显著提高.
实现了创纪录的特定强度 (≈84615 N m kg−1) 和动态冲击阻力 (尽管冲击量高达气凝质量的500倍).
证明了增强的耐温性,在1500°C稳定,在400°C增强.

结论:

通过Zr─O─Si键形成的超连续ZrO2纳米层有效地连接谷物和纤维,增强气凝的特性.

关键词:

气凝是一种空气凝.一个超连续的层.超强的和超轻的超强和超轻的表面化学反应反应的化学反应热绝缘热绝缘热绝缘热绝缘

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这种方法为推动轻质,高强度和热稳定的固体材料的极限提供了新的途径.