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相关概念视频

CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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揭示了一种新型RNA G-三倍体结构:它在基于CRISPR的诊断中的功能和潜力.

Tao Li1,2, Runchen Li3,4, Zheyu Li1,2

  • 1School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China. yingli@hbucm.edu.cn.

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概括

科学家们发现了一个新的RNA结构,RNA G-triplex (rG3),来自TERRA序列. 这种稳定的结构与染料和半膜结合,并被CRISPR-Cas13a切割,使新的诊断工具成为可能.

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科学领域:

  • 生物化学 生物化学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 结构生物学 结构生物学

背景情况:

  • 核酸的结构多样性对于理解生物功能至关重要.
  • TERRA (Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA) 在端粒维护中发挥作用,但其结构性质仍然不完全理解.
  • 高阶RNA结构提供了超越正规双重体的新功能.

研究的目的:

  • 调查TERRA序列形成的更高阶结构的潜力.
  • 确定任何新型RNA结构的结构和生物物理特性.
  • 探索这些结构在生物传感和诊断应用中的实用性.

主要方法:

  • 循环二元化 (CD) 光谱法用于确定二级和三级结构.
  • 核磁共振 (NMR) 分析用于原子级结构阐明.
  • 分子建模用于预测和完善RNA结构.
  • 使用小分子 (Thioflavin T,N-甲基美索波菲林IX) 和血红素的结合试验.
  • 通过CRISPR-Cas13a跨裂解测试来评估RNA的识别和处理.

主要成果:

  • 发现和描述一种由TERRA序列形成的新型RNA G-三倍体 (rG3) 结构.
  • 使用光谱和建模技术确认rG3结构的稳定,平行形状.
  • 证明了rG3与提奥夫拉T,N-甲基美索氨酸IX和血红素的强结合.
  • 有证据表明,CRISPR-Cas13a对rG3进行了特定的分裂,这表明它具有作为记者分子的潜力.

结论:

  • 鉴定RNA G-三倍体 (rG3) 扩大了已知的RNA高阶结构的范围.
  • 独特的结合特性和对CRISPR-Cas13a裂变的敏感性将rG3定位为新型生物传感和诊断平台的有希望的候选者.
  • 这项工作为探索RNA结构-功能关系和开发基于RNA的技术开辟了新的途径.