了解健康知识缺陷:不确定性与错误信息对比
Peter J Schulz1,2,3, Kent Nakamoto4
1University of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland. schulzp@usi.ch.
Scientific reports
|July 4, 2025
概括
在了解健康素养方面,区分信息不足和错误信息至关重要. 这种区别影响了沟通,决策和疫苗接种行为,突出了针对性干预的必要性.
科学领域:
- 卫生沟通健康沟通
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 健康素养研究往往只关注正确答案,忽视了错误答案的细微差别.
- 在知识评估中,错误的答案通常在没有进一步分析的情况下被视为失败.
- 现有的研究没有区分不确定性和错误信息之间的知识差距.
研究的目的:
- 要区分两种类型的知识失败:被信息不足 (不确定性) 和被错误信息 (持有错误的信念).
- 开发一种测量方法,以区分基于错误答案的不确定性和错误信息.
- 检查错误信息与不确定性对与健康相关的态度和行为的明显影响,特别是疫苗接种.
主要方法:
- 开发了一种新的测量方法,将错误的答案归类为源于不确定性或错误信息.
- 对瑞士成年人代表性样本进行了调查.
- 分析了知识失败类型 (无信息与错误信息),客观知识和疫苗接种态度,建议和接种之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 不知情的群体比错误的群体更有可能拥有积极的疫苗接种信念和态度.
- 不知情的人更有可能向他人推接种疫苗,并报告更高的疫苗接种率.
- 不确定性和错误信息的影响与客观知识水平不同,将错误信息识别为一个独特的群体.
结论:
- 在了解健康素养及其后果方面,区分缺乏信息和错误信息至关重要.
- 错误的信息代表了一个独特的群体,其信仰和行为与不知情的人有很大不同.
- 未来的干预措施应考虑知识缺陷的具体性质 (不确定性与错误信息),以改善消费者的判断,决策和福利,特别是在像疫苗接种这样的公共卫生环境中.
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