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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication
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Published on: February 6, 2019

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紧迫性通过放大认知处理不对称性来压倒认知控制.

Anika Krause1,2, Christian H Poth3

  • 1Differential Psychology, Personality Psychology and Psychological Assessment, Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany. anika.krause@uni-bielefeld.de.

Attention, perception & psychophysics
|July 13, 2025
PubMed
概括

紧迫性对认知控制的影响取决于任务设计. 目标导向的行动在没有处理不对称性的任务中保持不变,但当冲突由于紧迫性而提前出现时会失败.

关键词:
认知控制 认知控制侧翼任务任务 侧翼任务处理过程中的不对称性.紧急情况 紧急情况

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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.

背景情况:

  • 认知控制能够实现目标导向的行为,尽管存在冲突的环境刺激.
  • 紧迫性会损害认知控制,导致表现低于机会,特别是在具有固有的处理不对称性的任务中.

研究的目的:

  • 调查紧迫性是否影响在具有刺激-刺激冲突和类似处理的任务中的认知控制.
  • 要确定紧迫性的影响是一般性的还是针对处理不对称性的任务的.

主要方法:

  • 使用颜色和字母刺激,应用于埃里克森侧翼任务的紧迫性.
  • 在具有或没有刺激发起异步 (SOA) 的任务中研究的性能.

主要成果:

  • 紧迫性并没有影响在没有SOA的情况下在侧翼任务中低于偶然的表现.
  • 紧迫性导致在120毫秒SOA的侧翼任务中,性能大幅下降,低于偶然的机会.

结论:

  • 紧迫性放大了处理不对称性,影响了认知控制,特别是在具有这种不对称性的任务中.
  • 紧迫性对认知控制的影响是具体的任务,特别是在早期发生的冲突方面.