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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

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Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
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Working Memory01:24

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
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忽视和神经发育:一个叙事审查 了解儿童忽视和执行功能缺陷之间的联系

Silvia Herrero-Roldán1, Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez2,3

  • 1Faculty of Health Sciences, UNIE University, 28015 Madrid, Spain.

Biomedicines
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

童年被忽视显著影响大脑发育,导致长期的执行功能缺陷. 了解这些神经生物学影响对于有效的干预至关重要.

关键词:
在HPA轴上.儿童被忽视 儿童被忽视表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.执行职能 执行职能是指执行职能.神经发育的神经发育前额叶皮层前额叶皮层

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 发展心理学 发展心理学
  • 儿童精神病学 儿童精神病学

背景情况:

  • 童年忽视,是一种虐待形式,深刻影响神经发育.
  • 忽视的缺乏护理会扰乱大脑的成熟,特别是在执行功能区域.
  • 它是执行功能障碍的一个关键风险因素.

研究的目的:

  • 探索神经生物学机制,将早期的忽视与受损的执行功能联系起来.
  • 为了强调大脑结构/功能,HPA轴和表观遗传因素的变化.
  • 提供当前研究的全面审查.

主要方法:

  • 从主要数据库 (PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,PsycINFO) 中对170篇文章进行了叙事审查.
  • 选择了2000年1月至2025年3月期间发表的研究.
  • 纳入标准侧重于方法论的严谨性,执行职能和儿童被忽视.

主要成果:

  • 忽视会扰乱神经回路 (前额叶皮层,杏仁体),导致注意力,工作记忆,冲动控制和灵活性出现缺陷.
  • 慢性压力从忽视失调HPA轴和提高皮质醇,损害神经可塑性.
  • 表观遗传修饰调解了长期的认知和情感后果.

结论:

  • 童年被忽视是执行功能障碍的一个明显的风险因素.
  • 了解这些神经发育后果对于有针对性的预防和干预至关重要.
  • 这些知识支持开发战略,以提高受影响儿童的认知性.