行动类型映射原则超出了进化保存的行为范围,甚至在没有手的人中也存在.
Florencia Martinez-Addiego1, Yuqi Liu1,2, Kyungji Moon1,3
1Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057.
概括
高层次的大脑区域代表了行动类型,比如使用工具,独立于所使用的身体部位. 这种抽象的动作表现甚至在没有实际经验的情况下发展,显示了运动系统的灵活性.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发动机控制器的控制器
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
背景情况:
- 感觉运动系统是体内组织的,但更高层次的区域编码的行为类型,无论身体的部分.
- 目前尚不清楚这种身体部位独立性是否延伸到工具使用等新动作.
- 调查先天性无手症患者的工具使用情况,可以澄清手工经验的作用.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定大脑是否代表工具使用行为,独立于行动的身体部位 (手与脚).
- 为了检查手的感觉运动体验是否对于开发身体部分独立的动作表示是必不可少的.
- 了解运动系统的等级组织,以代表动作.
主要方法:
- 功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 用于测量大脑活动.
- 参与者用手和脚执行工具使用动作.
- 这项研究包括具有和没有先天性无手症的个体.
主要成果:
- 主体感官运动皮层显示了两个组的身体部位特定信息.
- 工具使用网络中的更高层次的运动区域显示了抽象的,身体部位独立的行动类型信息.
- 在先天性无手症中的功能重组反映了完整的皮质组织,表明了可塑性极限.
结论:
- 运动系统对动作表示的等级组织不依赖于进化历史或个人手工经验.
- 这种在较高运动区域的抽象编码支持在不同的身体部位进行行动执行的概括.
- 研究结果表明,在层次大脑-计算机接口中,有可能使用抽象的动作代码.
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