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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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根据年龄,好奇心和惊喜对记忆有不同的影响,这取决于年龄.

Alexandra Sobczak1, Tineke Steiger1, Marthe Mieling1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Strasse 9a, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.

Scientific reports
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概括

状态认知好奇心增强长期记忆在成年人,受到惊喜的影响,特别是在年轻人. 正式教育也预测好奇心,影响终身学习.

关键词:
衰老的衰老 衰老的衰老因为好奇心,好奇心.教育教育教育教育教育教育.长期记忆 长期记忆 长期记忆这是一个惊喜的惊喜.

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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 生命周期发展 寿命发展

背景情况:

  • 认识的好奇心,包括状态和特征形式,影响认知和行为.
  • 有限的研究存在于与年龄相关的变化,惊喜的作用,以及正规教育对认识系统好奇心的影响.
  • 了解这些因素对于全面了解整个生命周期的学习和知识获取至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 调查状态和特征认知好奇心在不同成年年龄组的长期记忆中的作用.
  • 检查惊喜对认识好奇心和记忆之间的关系的缓和效应,考虑到年龄差异.
  • 探索特征认知好奇心,正规教育和状态认知好奇心之间的预测关系.

主要方法:

  • 进行了三项行为实验,共有331名参与者 (n=54,n=81,n=196).
  • 参与者对相关信息的长期记忆被评估与他们的状态和特征认识系统好奇心水平相关.
  • 调解模型被用来分析特征好奇心,正规教育和状态好奇心之间的相互作用.

主要成果:

  • 国家认识系统好奇心,而不是特征好奇心,在年轻人和老年人中显著增强了长期记忆力.
  • 惊喜调节记忆效应,在年轻人中观察到更强的影响,与预测编码和唤醒理论保持一致.
  • 特征认识学好奇心直接预测了国家好奇心,而正规教育提供了一个间接的途径.

结论:

  • 状态认知好奇心是成年人一生中长期记忆的关键驱动力.
  • 年龄调节了惊喜对好奇心驱动的记忆的影响,这可能是由于与年龄相关的兴奋处理变化.
  • 正式教育和特征好奇心相互作用,塑造国家好奇心,促进终身学习和知识获取.