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相关概念视频

Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Lateralization01:28

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
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婴儿时期的语言网络功能连接性预测了语言发展轨迹.

Lauren Wagner1, Joshua Ceballos2, Emily Chiem3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.

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概括

婴儿早期语言发育的理解很差. 这项研究揭示了语言迟缓的婴儿的异常大脑连接,预测了未来的语言困难,并提供了潜在的诊断生物标志物.

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婴儿时期的婴儿时期功能磁力共振成像 (fMRI) 是一种功能共振成像.功能连接性的功能连接性语言语言语言语言语言语言.语言延迟 语言延迟神经发育的神经发育

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 发展心理学 发展心理学
  • 儿科医学 儿科医学

背景情况:

  • 语言发育迟缓影响约10%的儿童.
  • 早期语言学习的神经发育机制尚不清楚.
  • 识别语言延迟的早期预测因素对于干预至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 调查婴儿语言网络功能连接的年龄相关变化.
  • 为了识别与非最佳语言发展相关的大脑连接性改变.
  • 探索早期连接模式对后来的语言结果的预测价值.

主要方法:

  • 休息状态功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 数据来自婴儿结合体项目.
  • 基于种子的功能连接分析,使用预定义的成人语言区域.
  • 机器学习将婴儿分为延迟,典型和高级语言轨迹.
  • 纵向评估语言能力,直到两岁.

主要成果:

  • 观察到与年龄相关的功能同步和婴儿语言网络内的专业化增加.
  • 语言轨迹延迟的婴儿表现出不典型的功能连接模式.
  • 连接差异的程度预测了两年后的后续语言成绩.

结论:

  • 婴儿语言网络中的早期功能连接显示出发育变化.
  • 婴儿期非典型的连接模式与语言延迟有关.
  • 这些发现确定了早期语言延迟和干预目标的潜在神经发育生物标志物.