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相关概念视频

Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

2.0K
The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
2.0K
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

2.0K
The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
2.1K
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

3.0K
Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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草甘和Triton X-100单竞争性吸-脱分析通过动力和平衡框架使用最大概率方法.

Hamid Moghimi1,2, Mohaddeseh Mousavi Nezhad3, Marijke Huysmans2

  • 1Porous Materials and Processes Modelling Research Group, School of Engineering, the University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.

Environmental science and pollution research international
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PubMed
概括

这项研究表明,Triton X-100具有最小的土壤吸附,而草甘吸附与土壤矿物质相增加. 竞争条件和较高的Triton X-100度减少了草甘的吸附,并减缓了土壤污染物平衡.

关键词:
草甘是一种天然的草甘.地下水污染 污染 地下水污染动力平衡分析分析最大的概率方法.单一的竞争性吸附脱吸附.特里顿X-100可以使用.

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科学领域:

  • 环境化学环境化学
  • 土壤科学 土壤科学
  • 农业化学品 农业化学品 农业化学品

背景情况:

  • 农药和表面活性剂在土壤中的迁移对地下水质量构成风险.
  • 了解竞争性吸-脱对于评估农业化学品的漏潜力至关重要.
  • 以前的模型往往简化了土壤中的共同污染物之间的复杂相互作用.

研究的目的:

  • 在单一和竞争条件下研究草甘和Triton X-100的吸附-脱附动态.
  • 开发和应用一个先进的反向模型 (最大概率方法) 来描述这些过程.
  • 为了比较平衡和运动框架,并评估土壤特性和化合物相互作用的影响.

主要方法:

  • 进行了批量实验,以收集吸附-脱附数据.
  • 开发了一个基于最大概率算法的反向模型来估计关键的吸附-脱附参数.
  • 单一和竞争性等热体被整合到建模框架中.
  • 进行了动态分析,以了解速度限制步骤.

主要成果:

  • 特里顿X-100表现出最小的吸附 (最大容量为0.2mg/g土壤),不受土壤类型或草甘存在的影响.
  • 草甘的吸附 (最大容量高达27mg/g土壤) 与土壤矿物质 (高达45%) 增加,并在动力控制下显示出更高的吸附-脱附比率.
  • 竞争条件降低了高达10%的草甘酸吸附,在较高的Triton X-100度下进一步降低. 动力分析显示了快速的初始吸附阶段 (大约. 70%),其次是实现平衡的速度较慢,Triton X-100延长了这一阶段并延迟了平衡.

结论:

  • 土壤矿物学显著增强了草甘的吸收,影响了它的环境命运.
  • 特里顿X-100的存在,特别是高度的存在,会对草甘的吸附产生负面影响,并延长达到平衡的时间,增加泄漏风险.
  • 开发的最大概率方法为量化环境矩阵中复杂的吸附-脱附行为提供了强大的方法.