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相关概念视频

The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

40.9K
The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
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Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
136.6K
Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

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Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
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Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

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Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct...
1.1K
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
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在人体/化物共载体 (NIS) 中工程基质选择性.

Alejandro Llorente-Esteban, Haswitha Sabbineni, Kendra Hoffsmith

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
    |November 24, 2025
    PubMed
    概括

    工程化Na+/I−共载体 (NIS) 突变物选择性地运输氧离子,而不是化物. 这允许使用放射性同位素进行向癌症治疗,同时保护甲状腺,扩大NIS应用范围超出甲状腺癌治疗范围.

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    相关实验视频

    Last Updated: Jan 10, 2026

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    Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

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    Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
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    科学领域:

    • 生物化学 生物化学
    • 分子生物学分子生物学
    • 结构生物学 结构生物学

    背景情况:

    • Na+/I−共载体 (NIS) 对于甲状腺激素的合成和甲状腺癌的放射性化物治疗至关重要.
    • 非甲状腺癌中的外源性NIS表达提供了向治疗潜力,但有可能损害甲状腺.
    • 需要一种策略来选择性地准表达NIS的癌症,同时不影响甲状腺.

    研究的目的:

    • 为向癌症治疗设计一种具有改变基质特异性的新型NIS变体.
    • 调查NIS中基质选择性的结构基础.
    • 开发一种选择性杀死癌细胞的方法,使用工程NIS和放射性同位素.

    主要方法:

    • 蛋白质工程创造了一个双重突变的NIS (L253P/V254F,或PF-NIS).
    • 低温电子显微镜 (cryo-EM) 用于确定与酸盐和离子结合的PF-NIS的结构.
    • 基于细胞的测试,以评估化物和氧化离子的运输和细胞活力.

    主要成果:

    • 设计的PF-NIS有选择性地运输氧离子 (例如,酸盐),但不运输化物.
    • 低温电磁探测器以2.58 Å分辨率揭示了PF-NIS的结构,其中含有结合的酸和离子.
    • PF-NIS表达细胞被放射性酸杀死,而非放射性酸保护了野生型NIS表达细胞.

    结论:

    • 工程 PF-NIS 允许选择性向非甲状腺癌,使用放射性同位素如 186/188ReO4−.
    • 这种方法可以在保护甲状腺的同时进行向的癌症破坏.
    • 该研究为开发基于NIS的疗法提供了一个框架,为更广泛的临床应用提供了量身定制的基质特异性.