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Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

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Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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相关实验视频

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A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
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在住院成年人中用于药物滥用查的人工智能算法的临床实施

Juan C Rojas1, Cara Joyce2, Talar W Markossian3

  • 1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|December 3, 2025
PubMed
概括

人工智能辅助的药物使用障碍查没有满足服务提供不劣质的要求,但维持了结果并降低了成本. 这项研究表明,自动选是可行的,对于大规模实施是有价值的.

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科学领域:

  • 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
  • 医疗保健中的人工智能
  • 药物使用障碍治疗 药物使用障碍治疗

背景情况:

  • 手动住院检查药物滥用是资源密集的,应用不一致.
  • 评估人工智能 (AI) 辅助查对于在现实环境中评估临床和经济表现至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 评估基于人工智能的查计划 (SMART-AI) 与手动查相比,是否保持了与成有关的服务提供.
  • 评估人工智能辅助查对患者再入院和医疗保健成本的影响.

主要方法:

  • 一个前性的,准实验性的前后研究在一个大型学术医疗中心进行.
  • 这项研究将手动查 (N=31,432次住院) 与使用SMART-AI (N=33,564次住院) 的AI增强查进行了比较.
  • 主要结果是接受与成有关的服务;次要结果包括6个月的再入院和计划费用.

主要成果:

  • 与成相关的服务接受率为3.8% (手册) 与3.4% (SMART-AI) 相比,没有达到非劣势差距 (-0.4分点;P=0.20).
  • 六个月再入院 (30.5%) 和违背医疗建议出院 (1.3%对1.1%) 在各组之间没有差异.
  • 通过SMART-AI自动化,计划成本每年减少6,166.71美元.

结论:

  • 人工智能辅助查没有满足服务交付的非劣等性,但保持了次要结果.
  • 这些发现支持大规模自动化物质使用障碍查的可行性和潜在价值.
  • SMART-AI 展示了在医疗保健机构节省成本的潜力.