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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

688
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
688
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

3.3K
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
3.3K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

772
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
772
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

974
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
974
Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

387
Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...
387
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

541
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
541

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

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快速的词汇检索和执行功能在非常轻度的失言症.

Alycia B Laks1,2, Andrew T DeMarco1,2, Sophie S Hurwitz1,2

  • 1Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.

American journal of speech-language pathology
|December 16, 2025
PubMed
概括

在中风后患有非常轻度失言症的个体,由于快速词汇检索和切换的困难,字母流性受损. 这些发现强调了这些认知领域在识别微妙语言缺陷方面的重要性.

科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 心理语言学 心理语言学
  • 临床语言学 临床语言学

背景情况:

  • 左半球中风的幸存者可能会表现出细微的语言障碍,这些障碍在标准评估中无法检测到,比如西方阿法西亚电池修订 (WAB-R).
  • 这些被WAB-R (NABW) 称之为"非失语者"的人可能仍然会经历自我报告的失语症.
  • 在NABW组中,字母流利性任务已经显示出对非常轻度的失言症的敏感性,但潜在的认知领域尚不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 调查词汇检索或执行功能 (EF) 领域是否导致NABW个体的字母流性受损.
  • 为了比较特定的词汇检索和EF测量的诊断准确性与字母流性的任务来识别非常轻度的失语症.

主要方法:

  • 27名NABW个体和63名健康对照完成了字母流利性任务,定时图片命名,以及羊和羊 (A&C) 执行功能任务.
  • 在A&C任务中,评估了切换,语义和语音控制.
  • 使用曼-惠特尼U测试分析了群体差异,相关性检查了测量之间的关系,接收器操作特征 (ROC) 曲线分析确定了诊断效用.

主要成果:

  • 六项措施显示了群体差异,与字母流性相关,包括命名反应时间和涉及快速词汇检索或用词汇检索切换的A&C措施.
  • 在NABW组中,没有任何单一的测量方法在识别非常轻度的失言症方面表现出比字母流利性任务更高的灵敏度和特异性.

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  • 字母流利性任务在区分具有非常轻度失语症的个体方面仍然优越.

    • 结论:

    • 在NABW个体中,字母流性受损似乎源于快速词汇检索和涉及词汇检索的切换任务的缺陷.
    • 这些发现强调了词汇检索和执行控制在中风后微妙语言障碍中的作用.
    • 字母流利性任务是检测中风幸存者的非常轻度失言症的宝贵工具.