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临床表现 临床表现

Anika Bhatia1, Veena Namboodiri1, Noor Malhi1

  • 1The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA.

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年轻的成年人比老年人花费更多的认知努力获得奖励,但这种努力与负面情绪和冷漠有关. 年长的成年人表现出轻微的风险厌恶,努力与避免症状有关.

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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 衰老的神经科学 衰老的神经科学
  • 决策研究 决策研究

背景情况:

  • 研究了基于认知努力的决策 (CEDT) 与年龄相关的差异.
  • 检查了对努力支出的框架效应 (损失风险与回报).
  • 评估了CEDT的构造有效性与自我报告的症状清单.

研究的目的:

  • 为了确定年龄 (年轻人与老年人) 和框架如何影响认知努力.
  • 探索努力支出与自我报告的情绪和冷漠之间的关系.
  • 测试来自认知控制理论和社会情绪选择性理论的假设.

主要方法:

  • 97名认知正常的成年人 (52名年轻人,45名老年人) 完成了CEDT.
  • 参与者填写了评估情绪 (PANAS) 和冷漠 (DAS) 的问卷.
  • 测量了努力支出 (艰难任务选择频率) 和决策反应时间.

主要成果:

  • 年轻的成年人显示出比老年人更大的总体努力支出 (HTSF) (p=0.08).
  • 在奖励试验中,年轻的成年人表现出明显更大的努力 (HTSF:77%与52%),更快的决策,以及比老年人更高的准确性.
  • 对奖励试验的努力与较低的积极影响,较高的负面影响和更大的执行冷漠度相关.

结论:

  • 结果部分支持假设:两组都倾向于努力获得奖励,老年人略有风险厌恶.
  • 与直觉相反,在奖励试验上花费更多的努力与精神努力避免和情绪障碍症状增加有关.
  • "决策惯性"的概念可能有助于解释这些发现;需要进一步的研究.