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相关概念视频

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

17.5K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
17.5K
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

6.6K
All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
6.6K
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

21.5K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
21.5K
Structure of Lipids03:38

Structure of Lipids

98.4K
Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic...
98.4K
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

74.1K
Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
74.1K
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

65.4K
Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
65.4K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research
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Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

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在结构上模仿SARS-CoV-2病毒.

Natasha Killassy1, Patrick Arbuthnot1, Mohube Betty Maepa2

  • 1Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute (IDORI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.

Infection
|January 22, 2026
PubMed
概括

了解严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 生物学是开发更好的COVID-19疫苗和治疗方法的关键. 本综述涵盖了SARS-CoV-2粒子模拟,用于推进研究和治疗选择.

关键词:
在 COVID-19 疫情中,冠状病毒 冠状病毒隐形病毒 隐形病毒 隐形病毒鼠类白血病病毒病毒这就是SARS-CoV-2病毒.刺伪型病毒的病毒.膀性口腔炎病毒的病毒类似病毒的粒子.

更多相关视频

Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro
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Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro

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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research
06:08

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

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Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro
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Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro

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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

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科学领域:

  • 病毒学和免疫学 病毒学和免疫学
  • 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
  • 药物发现 药物发现 药物发现

背景情况:

  • 严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 已经造成全球大流行,需要快速开发疫苗和治疗方法.
  • 目前的疫苗和重新定位的药物表现出局限性,包括免疫力下降,对变种的有效性低下,以及在严重疾病中有效性降低.
  • 从生理学上相关的模型对于继续研究SARS-CoV-2感染至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了审查现有的SARS-CoV-2粒子模拟器.
  • 为了突出这些模仿者对COVID-19研究的贡献.
  • 讨论它们在开发新型疫苗和治疗中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 用SARS-CoV-2粒子模拟器进行的研究的文献综述.
  • 分析这些模仿对疫苗和治疗开发的影响.
  • 对SARS-CoV-2模型的当前知识的综合.

主要成果:

  • SARS-CoV-2 颗粒模拟器为研究病毒进入,免疫反应和药物疗效提供了宝贵的工具.
  • 这些模型有助于评估现有的治疗方法和设计新的干预措施.
  • 该审查确定了各种类型的模仿者及其在COVID-19研究中的具体应用.

结论:

  • 模仿SARS-CoV-2颗粒对于提高我们对该病毒的理解以及开发更有效的疫苗和治疗方法至关重要.
  • 使用这些模型的持续研究对于应对新兴变种和严重疾病所带来的挑战至关重要.
  • 改进的SARS-CoV-2模型的开发将加速对抗正在进行的流行病的斗争.