中国的幼儿从事基于社会角色的共享行为.
Xuan Wu1, Qiao Chai2, Jie He1,3
1Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Developmental science
|January 26, 2026
概括
赋予幼儿社会角色增加了分享行为,特别是当与同龄人模拟相结合时. 这表明早期基于角色的道德受到社会背景和观察的影响.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 道德发展道德发展
背景情况:
- 理论上,社会角色有助于塑造道德义务,但它们对儿童行为的影响尚不清楚.
- 这项研究调查了分配的社会角色和同行模拟对幼儿亲社会行为的影响.
研究的目的:
- 检查分配社会角色是否会增加5至6岁儿童的分享行为.
- 为了确定同行建模是否增强了基于角色的共享.
- 探索分配角色,同行模型角色和关于共享的规范判断之间的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 两项研究对192名中国儿童 (96名女孩) 进行了研究.
- 研究1涉及分配一个"义务学生"角色或没有角色,然后观察同行模型 (所有"义务学生"或所有没有角色) 在分享任务之前慷慨地分享.
- 第二项研究仅检查了角色分配的影响,没有同行建模.
主要成果:
- 在研究1中,在观察同龄人模范后,被分配"职责学生"角色的儿童与没有角色的儿童相比,分享的数量显著增加.
- 孩子们对分享的规范判断受到他们自己的角色和模型的角色的影响,这些判断与分享行为相关联.
- 第二项研究表明,单独分配角色并没有增加共享,规范性判断不受影响,与行为无关.
结论:
- 幼儿表现出基于角色的亲社会行为,表现出对角色道德的早期理解.
- 同龄人模拟是提高儿童基于角色的道德和亲社会行为的关键因素.
- 社会角色和观察到的行为相互作用,塑造孩子的道德判断和行为.
相关概念视频
02:10Social Scripts
10.3K
People tend to know what behavior is expected of them in specific, familiar settings. A script is a person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting (Schank & Abelson, 1977). Essentially, scripts are a particular kind of schema, one containing default values for the features within an event. In the restaurant example, the script's features include the props (e.g., tables, menu, food, and money), the roles to be played (e.g., customer and waiter),...
10.3K
01:01Role of Emotions in Social Life
365
Emotions play a fundamental role in shaping human experience and interactions. The absence of emotions would render life incomplete and fail to capture the essence of human nature. In social psychology, feelings and moods have been extensively studied due to their profound impact on social life and interpersonal relationships. These affective states influence decision-making, behavior, and social perceptions, making them integral to understanding human interactions.Emotions and Social...
365
01:29Social Psychology and Individual Behavior
287
Social psychology examines how group dynamics, emotions, and cultural influences shape individual actions and decision-making. These elements interact to form behavioral patterns that affect personal choices and social interactions.The Role of Group DynamicsGroups play a crucial role in shaping behavior by reinforcing norms and expectations. Individuals derive a sense of self from group membership, often aligning their behaviors with group norms to maintain social cohesion. For example, an...
287
01:15Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes
197
Cognitive processes affect social behavior by guiding how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. These mental processes enable individuals to assess others' behaviors, attribute causes to their actions, and form expectations based on past experiences.Causes of Behavior and Social JudgmentsIndividuals determine the causes of others' behaviors by distinguishing between personal traits and external circumstances. For example, if a friend frequently arrives late, an...
197
00:54What is Behavior?
10.2K
Behaviors are actions that an organism engages in—they can be related to finding food, reproducing, defending against threats, and many other possible actions. Behaviors include activities related to the environment around the animal—such as migration—as well as social interactions within a species or population. Many behaviors involve motor output—that is, muscle movements—while others involve less visible actions, such as learning.
10.2K
01:41Social Traps
26.3K
Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
26.3K