基于性别的数据偏差和模型公平性评估在基准的开放访问疾病预测数据集中的基准数据
Shahadat Uddin1, Huan Liang2, Haolan Guo2
1School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Software Engineering Group, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia.
Computers in biology and medicine
|January 28, 2026
概括
机器学习 (ML) 数据集中的性别偏见不成比例地影响女性,特别是在心脏病预测方面. 解决这种数据偏差和选择适当的算法,如决策树,对于医疗保健中的公平人工智能至关重要.
科学领域:
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 机器学习 机器学习
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
- 医疗保健信息学 医疗保健信息学
背景情况:
- 开放式数据集被广泛用于机器学习 (ML) 模型验证.
- 人们对数据偏见和模型公平性存在担忧,尤其是性别偏见.
- 在疾病预测数据集中调查性别偏见对于公平的人工智能至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地调查疾病预测数据集中的基于性别的数据偏差.
- 评估在这些数据集上训练的各种ML算法的公平性.
- 识别显示或减轻性别偏见的数据集和算法.
主要方法:
- 从Kaggle和UCI ML存储库中选择了74个数据集,包含性别和分类标签.
- 使用地球移动器距离量化数据偏差,并通过引导评估统计学意义.
- 使用k倍交叉验证和均等赔率/平等待遇定义评估了7ML算法的公平性.
主要成果:
- 在74个数据集中,有35个数据集显示出显著的基于性别的数据偏差,主要影响女性.
- 心脏病数据集具有最高的偏见流行率;肺癌和心理健康数据集是无偏见的.
- 与物流回归相比,决策树算法显示的公平性问题较少.
结论:
- 基于性别的数据偏差在疾病预测数据集中很普遍,影响了模型的公平性.
- 没有偏见的数据集和特定的算法 (例如,决策树) 有助于更公平的AI.
- 解决数据偏差和算法选择对于医疗保健中公平可靠的ML应用至关重要.
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