治疗那些还没有准备好戒烟的人:在试图帮助时伤害?
Jennifer M Betts1, Elias M Klemperer2, Timothy B Baker3
1Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
Addictive behaviors
|February 6, 2026
概括
吸烟者戒烟自效率低可能表明标准的动机阶段治疗是无效的. 低自我效能的人可能需要其他戒烟策略来获得更好的结果.
科学领域:
- 成 药物 药物 药物 药物
- 行为心理学 行为心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 动机阶段的吸烟治疗旨在增加无动机吸烟者的参与和戒烟.
- 目前的动机阶段干预措施,包括尼古丁替代疗法 (NRT) 和减肥咨询,表现出适度和不一致的有效性.
- 确定影响干预有效性的因素对于优化戒烟策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定人口统计学和吸烟相关的因素,预测在戒烟的动机阶段不同的治疗反应.
- 探索戒断自我效能对NRT和减肥辅导有效性的影响.
主要方法:
- 一项随机试验的二次分析,涉及577名不愿戒烟的初级保健患者.
- 参与者接受了戒烟咨询,尼古丁迷你,行为激活或5Rs-激励咨询.
- 机器学习被用来分析戒烟尝试的预测因素,戒烟治疗的开始,以及1年的戒断.
主要成果:
- 更高的戒烟自效率预测了戒烟尝试和戒烟治疗入门的可能性增加.
- 低自我效率 (≤3.5/5) 的吸烟者在减少辅导下减少戒烟尝试的几率降低 (OR=0.51) 并且减少了尼古丁迷你药片 (OR=0.55) 开始戒烟治疗的几率.
- 在一年后戒烟方面没有观察到显著的干预效应.
结论:
- 基线戒烟自我效能可以识别不太可能从标准的动机阶段戒烟治疗中受益的个体.
- 需要采用精准医学方法,为低自我效率的个体提供量身定制的治疗策略.
- 需要进行进一步的研究,以确定拒绝戒烟干预措施的个体的最佳治疗方法.
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