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相关概念视频

Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER01:27

Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER

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A sizable fraction of proteins destined for ER are first synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the ER membrane–a process called post-translational translocation. Similar to cotranslationally translocated proteins, these proteins also use the Sec translocon complex to enter the ER lumen.
Targeting proteins to the ER
Hsp40 and Hsp70 chaperone molecules bind the translated proteins in the cytosol to prevent their folding. The chaperone binding helps to keep the signal...
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Translation01:31

Translation

157.4K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
157.4K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.3K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.3K
Protein Modifications in the RER01:26

Protein Modifications in the RER

7.2K
Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal...
7.2K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

16.3K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
16.3K
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

13.4K
One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Quantitative Detection of DNA Protein Crosslinks and Their Post-Translational Modifications
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Author Spotlight: Quantitative Detection of DNA Protein Crosslinks and Their Post-Translational Modifications

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针对翻译后修改的无细胞蛋白质合成系统.

Khushal Khambhati1, Khushbu Panchal1, Suresh Ramakrishna2

  • 1Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana-382715, Gujarat, India.

Progress in molecular biology and translational science
|February 13, 2026
PubMed
概括

无细胞蛋白合成 (CFPS) 提供了一种可控的方法来产生具有特定翻译后修饰 (PTM) 的蛋白质. 这种方法促进了蛋白质功能的研究和基于PTM的治疗方法的开发.

关键词:
乙化 乙化是一种无细胞蛋白质合成葡萄糖基酶化是什么? 葡萄糖基酶化化,化,二硫化键的形成.脂化 脂化 脂化 脂化纯粹的 纯粹的后翻译修改后的修改.

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相关实验视频

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Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
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科学领域:

  • 生物化学 生物化学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 蛋白质组学是指蛋白质组学.

背景情况:

  • 翻译后修改 (PTMs) 对蛋白质功能,细胞过程和疾病发展至关重要.
  • 现存的PTM超过650种,酸化,甲基化和糖化已经得到了广泛的研究.
  • 制造具有准确的PTM的同质蛋白质用于治疗是传统体内方法的挑战.

研究的目的:

  • 探索无细胞蛋白合成 (CFPS) 作为生产具有特定PTM的蛋白质的强大工具.
  • 突出CFPS在PTM研究和治疗应用中的优势.
  • 审查各种CFPS介导的战略,以实现定义的PTM.

主要方法:

  • 使用多种不同的无细胞蛋白质合成 (CFPS) 平台和策略.
  • 实施特定的方法,如GlycoPRIME用于糖化和直角转化系统用于特定地点的修改.
  • 在无细胞环境中采用乙化,化和二硫化键形成的技术.

主要成果:

  • 通过CFPS,可以控制和高效地生产具有真实翻译后修饰的蛋白质.
  • 为了实现特定的PTM,已经开发了各种CFPS策略,包括糖化,化和乙化.
  • CFPS提供了一个多功能平台,用于生成具有所需PTM的同质蛋白种群.

结论:

  • 无细胞蛋白合成 (CFPS) 平台正在成为研究和生产使用PTMs的蛋白质的首选工具.
  • CFPS提供了一种可控和有效的手段来产生具有定义PTM的蛋白质,这对于机理学研究和治疗开发至关重要.
  • 通过CFPS产生具有准确PTM的同质蛋白质的能力显著推进了分子生物学和药物发现方面的研究.