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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

1.9K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

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A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of  tea boiling in a kettle. The...
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Author Spotlight: Advancements in High-Performance Thermoelectric Thin Films Through Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering
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拓热电学的设计原则

Brian Skinner1, Poulomi Chakraborty1, Joshua Scales1

  • 1Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
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PubMed
概括

拓材料具有独特的特性,可以克服传统热电材料的局限性. 这项研究探讨了它们对高效热电器件的潜力,并确定了有前途的新材料.

关键词:
尼恩斯特效应是什么意思这是西贝克效应 (Seebeck effect).韦尔半金属是一种半金属.不正常的霍尔效应热能发电是一种热能发电.拓学材料 拓学材料

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科学领域:

  • 凝聚物质物理学 凝聚物质物理学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 固态物理 固态物理

背景情况:

  • 传统的金属,绝缘体和半金属在热电性能上存在固有的局限性.
  • 拓材料具有独特的特性,可以潜在地克服这些限制.
  • 拓性半金属,包括韦尔和节点线类型,对于先进的热电应用特别感兴趣.

研究的目的:

  • 审查拓材料的热电性能,重点关注节点半金属.
  • 讨论拓特征如何增强超越传统材料限制的热电性质.
  • 确定最佳设计原则,以最大限度地提高拓材料的热电效率.

主要方法:

  • 对拓材料的热电性质的审查,特别是节点半金属.
  • 分析独特的拓特征:受保护的带接触点,退化的兰道水平和贝里曲率.
  • 为高热电功率 (zT) 开发和应用最佳设计原则.
  • 高通量数据库搜索有希望的拓半金属,使用既定的设计原则.

主要成果:

  • 拓特征使热电性能优于常规材料,特别是在磁场下.
  • 在各种拓材料类中确定了最大限度地提高热电效率的最佳设计原则.
  • 数据库搜索显示了12种新的热电应用的有前途的拓半金属.
  • 已确认已知材料具有显著的磁热电效应.

结论:

  • 拓半金属为开发具有前所未有的效率的下一代热电设备提供了一个有前途的途径.
  • 识别的设计原理和新发现的材料为磁热电学方面的实验进步铺平了道路.
  • 对这些材料的进一步研究可能会导致能源采集和转换技术的突破.