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相关概念视频

Surveys02:16

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who are...
Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect

The similarity-dissimilarity effect, a fundamental concept in social psychology, explains how interpersonal similarities and differences influence attraction and social interactions. This effect is supported by three key psychological perspectives: balance theory, social comparison theory, and consensual validation.Balance Theory and Cognitive ConsistencyBalance theory, developed by Fritz Heider, posits that individuals seek cognitive consistency in their relationships. When two people share...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers
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对年轻语言儿童的ADOS-2算法进行种族种族比较.

B Barger1, E J Moody2,3, N Reyes4

  • 1Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research
|March 11, 2026
PubMed
概括

在自闭症诊断观察计划,第二版 (ADOS-2) 模块1和模块2项目上的差异项目功能 (DIF) 在幼儿中进行了分析. 发现了DIF,但不太可能影响不同种族和种族群体的临床解释.

关键词:
自闭症评估自闭症评估差异性项目的功能.早期识别 早期识别项目响应理论测量测量理论

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科学领域:

  • 发展心理学 发展心理学
  • 临床心理学 临床心理学
  • 心理测量 心理测量 心理测量

背景情况:

  • 自闭症诊断观察表,第二版 (ADOS-2) 是诊断自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的关键工具.
  • 确保ADOS-2在不同的人口群体,特别是来自不同种族和种族背景的幼儿中公平地运行,对于准确的诊断至关重要.
  • 以前的研究已经在老年人群中探索了差异物品功能 (DIF),但对其对学龄前儿童的影响知之甚少.

研究的目的:

  • 进行ADOS-2模块1和模块2算法对象在3-5岁的黑人,西班牙裔和白人儿童之间进行比较分析.
  • 调查差异物品功能 (DIF) 和差异测试功能 (DTF) 在学龄前儿童的ADOS-2亚尺度上的存在和影响.
  • 为了确定观察到的DIF模式是否与对老年人群的研究结果一致.

主要方法:

  • 利用了研究探索早期发育 (SEED) 的数据,其中包括918名儿童用于模块1和881名儿童用于模块2.
  • 对ADOS-2第1模块 (一些词) 和第2模块 (短语) 项目进行了跨种族和族群 (黑人,西班牙裔,白人) 的比较分析.
  • 对社会影响和限制性重复行为 (RRB) 项目的显著差异性项目功能 (DIF) 和每个子级别的差异性测试功能 (DTF) 进行评估.

主要成果:

  • 在两个模块中的ADOS-2社会影响和限制性重复行为 (RRB) 项目中确定了显著的DIF.
  • 不同测试功能 (DTF) 是最小的,每个子尺度的值接近于零 (范围: -0.07到0.08).
  • 当将这些结果与老年人群的研究进行比较时,没有明显的模式出现,这表明独特的样本差异可能会影响项目级差异.

结论:

  • 虽然在不同种族和种族背景的学龄前儿童的ADOS-2上存在项目级分数差异 (DIF),但这些差异不太可能影响整体规模的解释.
  • 最小的DTF表明,ADOS-2子尺度在测试水平上保持了这些组的测量一致性.
  • 研究结果表明,临床医生通常可以依靠ADOS-2级别对学龄前儿童的解释,无论他们的种族或种族背景如何.