低成本的太阳能城市音景传感器
Lion Cassens1, Maarten Kroesen1, Simeon Calvert2
1Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, the Netherlands.
HardwareX
|March 11, 2026
概括
这项研究引入了一个开源的,离网的声音传感器,用于监测噪音污染. 这款新设备测量了噪声和其它关键噪声指标,为城市环境健康提供了经济高效,可持续的解决方案.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 声学工程 声学工程
- 开放硬件开发开放硬件开发
背景情况:
- 噪音污染对公众健康和福祉构成重大风险,需要强大的监测系统.
- 现有的声音监控解决方案通常依赖于电网供电,除了噪音之外提供有限的指标,而且价格过高.
- 目前的限制阻碍了广泛和有效的噪音污染减缓战略.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证一个开源的,离网的声音传感器系统,用于全面监测噪音污染.
- 克服现有的音量计的局限性,包括电源依赖,有限的指标和高成本.
- 为测量各种声学参数和城市声音事件提供灵活和可扩展的平台.
主要方法:
- 设计了一个开放式硬件传感器,使用在定制PCB上的ESP32-S3微控制器,并集成了太阳能充电和电池管理.
- 集成了一个实时时钟,用于精确的计时和LoRaWAN用于远程数据传输的聚合指标.
- 实现的固件能够检测11个城市声音事件,计算声敏度和间歇率,并将数据记录到microSD卡上.
主要成果:
- 开发的传感器使用太阳能和可充电电池 (离子或LiFePo4) 独立于电网供电.
- 实验室验证表明,对1kHz的测试声调,校准声级计的精度在2dB以内.
- 该系统成功地测量了声音强度,声敏度,间歇率,并识别了常见的城市声音事件.
结论:
- 这种开源的离网声传感器为噪音污染监测提供了一个可行的,具有成本效益和可持续的替代方案.
- 该系统的模块化设计和开放式固件可用于各种声学监控应用程序的定制和扩展.
- 这项技术可以进行远程,长期的环境噪声评估,支持公共卫生倡议和城市规划.
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