Male infertility. Evaluation and nonsurgical therapy

Male infertility is a complicated and often poorly understood pathologic process. The cause of a man's infertility frequently remains unknown even after a thorough evaluation. Many of the currently available medical therapeutic options are empirical and lack documentation of efficacy. New diagnostic tests are emerging that may help define some previously obscure causes of infertility. Only when these abnormalities have been clearly identified will more specific and cost-effective treatment regimens be instituted.