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Surveillance Protocols: Balancing Patient Burden and Cancer Control.

Heather Steckenrider1, Jessica Delgado1, Chad Ritch2

  • 1Department of Urology, Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, CRC 1560, Miami, FL 33136, USA.

The Urologic Clinics of North America
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bladder cancer surveillance needs improvement. Research is exploring less invasive, non-cystoscopy tests to optimize patient care and reduce costs for bladder cancer monitoring.

Keywords:
Bladder cancerSuperficialSurveillance

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Bladder cancer is a common malignancy, particularly in males.
  • Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer constitutes a significant majority of new cases.
  • Current surveillance methods are often inefficient and costly, with potential for overtreatment or undertreatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the limitations of traditional bladder cancer surveillance protocols.
  • To explore the potential of emerging non-cystoscopy technologies for bladder cancer monitoring.
  • To discuss the future deintensification of surveillance for bladder cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current bladder cancer surveillance practices.
  • Analysis of studies on the cost-effectiveness and patient burden of traditional methods.
  • Exploration of ongoing research into noninvasive diagnostic and monitoring tools.

Main Results:

  • Traditional surveillance protocols are associated with significant costs and patient inconvenience.
  • A substantial proportion of patients receive either excessive or insufficient surveillance.
  • Emerging noninvasive tests show promise for future bladder cancer surveillance.

Conclusions:

  • Deintensification of bladder cancer surveillance is warranted.
  • Non-cystoscopy alternatives are crucial for improving patient outcomes and resource allocation.
  • Continued research into noninvasive methods is essential for advancing bladder cancer care.