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Is normal pregnancy atherogenic?

U Martin1, C Davies, S Hayavi

  • 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital NHS Trust, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, U.K.

Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)
|March 24, 1999
PubMed
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During pregnancy, women experience significant changes in lipid profiles, including increased cholesterol and triacylglycerols, leading to an atherogenic lipid profile. These gestational lipid alterations may impact both mother and fetus.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Normal pregnancy is characterized by physiological hyperlipidemia, elevated estrogen, and insulin resistance.
  • These metabolic changes are known to influence lipid metabolism and lipoprotein formation.
  • Understanding these alterations is crucial for maternal and fetal well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of pregnancy-induced hyperlipidemia, high estrogen levels, and insulin resistance on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfraction profiles.
  • To analyze changes in serum cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and LDL subfractions throughout normal gestation.

Main Methods:

  • Serum lipid profiles (cholesterol, triacylglycerols) and LDL subfractions were analyzed in 120 primigravid women across three trimesters.

Related Experiment Videos

  • A control group of 20 non-pregnant, age-matched women was included for comparison.
  • LDL subfractions were determined using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and an LDL score was calculated to assess subfraction size.

    • Main Results:

    • Pregnant women showed significantly increased serum cholesterol from the first trimester onwards, progressively rising to the third trimester.
    • Triacylglycerol concentrations remained similar to controls in the first trimester, but doubled by the third trimester.
    • The LDL score increased significantly throughout gestation, indicating a shift towards smaller, denser LDL particles (an atherogenic profile).

    Conclusions:

    • Normal pregnancy is associated with the development of an atherogenic lipid profile, characterized by elevated cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and smaller LDL particles.
    • These gestational lipid changes warrant further investigation into their clinical significance for maternal and fetal health outcomes.
    • The study highlights the dynamic metabolic adaptations occurring during pregnancy.