Plasma brain natriuretic peptide as a biochemical marker for atrioventricular sequence in patients with pacemakers

We hypothesized that plasma brain natriuretic peptide, like plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, may reflect hemodynamic changes elicited by different cardiac pacing modes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma brain natriuretic peptide could be influenced by different pacing modes or electrical stimulation. The subjects consisted of 164 patients with permanent pacemakers (52 VVI, 30 AAI, 82 DDD pacemakers) and unimpaired heart function. Patients with atrial fibrillation or spontaneous beats were excluded. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide levels were measured at a rate of 70 beats/min after 45 minutes in the supine position. Under ECG monitoring, the pacing mode was switched from DDD to VVI in 12 patients and from DDD to AAI in 4 patients with a dual chamber pacemaker. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide levels were also measured 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 1 week after mode switching. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide levels were significantly higher in the nonphysiological pacing group than in the physiological pacing group, whereas these values were similar in the DDD and AAI pacing groups. One week after switching from DDD to VVI, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide levels were significantly increased, however no significant changes were observed after switching to AAI. Based on a multivariate regression analysis of noninvasive clinical parameters, only a low plasma brain natriuretic peptide was significantly correlated with physiological pacing. We conclude that: (1) plasma brain natriuretic peptide, like atrial natriuretic peptide, is influenced by the pacing mode, but is not influenced by electrical stimulation; and (2) low plasma brain natriuretic peptide is important in relation to physiological pacing.