Current system of undergraduate and postgraduate education in clinical chemistry in Croatia

D Juretić1, T Zanić-Grubisić

  • 1University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Haematology, Croatia.

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Acid–Base Titration: Overview01:26

Acid–Base Titration: Overview

An acid-base titration is a technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base, using a titrant of known concentration–either a base for acid titration or an acid for base titration. The process involves gradually adding the titrant, leading to a predictable change in the pH of the solution. This change is plotted on a titration curve, showing how a solution's pH varies with the amount of titrant added. Such curves are instrumental in monitoring the titration's progress...
Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations01:21

Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations

Equilibrium calculations for systems involving multiple equilibria are often complex. For example, to calculate the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in an aqueous solution in the presence of a common ion, one must consider all the equilibria in this solution. Calculations for these systems can be complicated and tedious, so a systematic approach with a series of steps is often helpful. The process is detailed below.
The first step is to identify all the chemical reactions involved, The...
pH Scale02:41

pH Scale

Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
Conductometric Titrations: Strong Acid-Base and Weak Acid-Base Titrations01:29

Conductometric Titrations: Strong Acid-Base and Weak Acid-Base Titrations

In acid-base titrations, conductance measurements are utilized to detect the endpoint. This method is grounded on the fact that electrical conductance relies on the number and mobility of ions. For instance, consider titrating strong acid HCl with a strong NaOH base. Initially, the HCl in the conductivity vessel conducts electricity due to the presence of hydrogen ions and chloride ions. As NaOH is gradually added from the burette, the fast-moving hydrogen ions are replaced by slower-moving...
Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:58

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
Interdisciplinary Care: The Health Care Team-II01:18

Interdisciplinary Care: The Health Care Team-II

An interdisciplinary team includes many healthcare professionals working together and utilizing their skills, knowledge, and expertise to provide holistic and quality patient care. Here are a few more healthcare professionals.
Physical Therapist
A physical therapist (PT) aims to restore function or prevent additional impairment in a patient following an injury or disease. Massage, heat, cold, water, sonar waves, exercises, and electrical stimulation are some treatments used by PTs to treat...