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Sarcoidosis in infancy: a case with pulmonary involvement as a cardinal manifestation
V A Tsagris1, G Liapi-Adamidou
1Second Department of Paediatrics, University of Athens, Aglaia Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Greece.
Insights
Infantile sarcoidosis, a rare condition, can manifest with lung symptoms like persistent cough and breathing difficulties. This case highlights pulmonary involvement in infants, challenging previous assumptions.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Rheumatology
- Dermatology
Background:
- Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease characterized by non-caseating granulomas.
- Infantile sarcoidosis is exceptionally rare, with limited data on its clinical presentation.
Observation:
- A 5-month-old infant presented with persistent dry cough, intermittent fever, lymphocytosis, joint pain, and skin lesions resembling erythema nodosum.
- Chest CT revealed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, suggesting significant lung involvement.
Findings:
- Diagnostic procedures, including Gallium scanning and open lung biopsy, confirmed findings consistent with sarcoidosis.
- The infant's presentation demonstrated significant pulmonary symptomatology.
Implications:
- This case expands the known spectrum of infantile sarcoidosis presentation.
- It underscores the importance of considering sarcoidosis in infants with unexplained pulmonary symptoms and systemic signs.
Unlabelled:
A 5-month-old girl presented with persistent dry cough, intermittent pyrexia and lymphocytosis, arthralgia, nodular skin lesions and an erythema nodosum-like rash. Chest CT scan revealed bilateral pulmonary infiltration. On the grounds of clinical and imaging findings, Gallium scanning and open lung biopsy were performed, providing evidence compatible with sarcoidosis.
Conclusion:
Despite what has previously been reported, sarcoidosis in infancy can present with pulmonary symptomatology.