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Electrochemical immunoassay: an ultrasensitive method.

H B Halsall¹, W R Heineman

¹Dept. of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Ohio.

Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry

|August 7, 1990

Summary

Hydrodynamic electrochemical detection enables rapid enzyme immunoassays. This method achieved a low detection limit for IgG in serum, showing potential for analyzing minute samples like single cells.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Biochemistry
Immunochemistry

Background:

Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) are crucial for detecting specific analytes.
Rapid and sensitive detection methods are needed to improve EIA efficiency.
Hydrodynamic electrochemical techniques offer promise for sensitive detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate hydrodynamic electrochemical techniques for rapid EIA.
To assess the performance of alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as labels.
To demonstrate the utility of microcapillary reaction vessels in EIAs.

Main Methods:

Utilized liquid chromatography and flow injection analysis with electrochemical detection.
Employed alkaline phosphatase as the labeling enzyme in microcapillary hematocrit tubes.
Investigated digoxin assays illustratively and quantified IgG in serum.

Main Results:

Achieved a detection limit of 5.6 x 10^-20 moles of IgG in serum within 30 minutes.
Demonstrated a four-order-of-magnitude linear range for the assay.
Attributed the low detection limit to favorable reaction vessel geometry and blocking agents suppressing nonspecific adsorption.

Conclusions:

Hydrodynamic electrochemical detection is effective for rapid EIA product determination.
Microcapillary reaction vessels enhance sensitivity and reduce assay time.
The technique shows potential for analyzing extremely small biological samples, such as single cells.

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