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T1-selective diffusion weighted fMRI at 1.5T.

C A Popp Weingarten1, A W Song, E C Wong

  • 1Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. cweinga@emory.edu

NMR in Biomedicine
|April 30, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals high apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) in activated brain regions, suggesting blood flow contributes to the signal. Techniques to suppress cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) did not alter these findings.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) from functional signals in diffusion-weighted functional MRI (fMRI) can indicate tissue characteristics.
  • Previous studies suggested large ADCs in activated sensorimotor cortex might stem from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or intravascular sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin of large ADCs observed in the functional signal of activated brain regions.
  • To differentiate between CSF and intravascular contributions to the fMRI signal.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized diffusion-weighted imaging with inversion recovery pulses to selectively null CSF protons or suppress outer volume blood flow.
  • Employed gradient-recalled echo-planar imaging at low b-factors to measure ADCs in the primary sensorimotor cortex during activation.
  • Compared ADCs between resting and activated states, with and without CSF or inflow nulling.

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Main Results:

  • Functional signal ADCs were significantly higher (6.81 ± 1.19 x 10⁻³ mm²/s) than resting state ADCs (2.26 ± 1.49 x 10⁻³ mm²/s).
  • CSF nulling did not reduce the high functional signal ADCs.
  • Inflow nulling significantly reduced the functional signal, preventing ADC estimation.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support an intravascular contribution to the functional MRI signal.
  • The large ADCs observed in activated brain regions are likely due to blood flow, not CSF.