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Selective decline in memory function among healthy elderly.

S A Small1, Y Stern, M Tang

  • 1Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Taub Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research in the City of New York, NY 10032, USA.

Neurology
|May 5, 1999
PubMed
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Aging is associated with memory decline, particularly in acquiring and retrieving new information, as shown by longitudinal data. This decline is specific to memory and not observed in other cognitive domains.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Memory loss is a common concern in older adults.
  • Age-related memory decline is debated due to reliance on cross-sectional studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related memory decline using longitudinal data.
  • To determine if memory decline is specific to aging or affects multiple cognitive domains.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 212 healthy community-dwelling individuals.
  • Annual neuropsychological testing of memory and other cognitive functions.
  • Comparison of longitudinal performance between age groups to control for learning effects.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Older adults showed a relative decline in memory performance over time.
  • No significant age-related decline was observed in language, visuospatial ability, or abstract reasoning.
  • Memory decline was specific to the acquisition and early retrieval of new information, not retention, localizing to the hippocampal formation.

    • Conclusions:

    • Longitudinal data confirm age-related memory decline.
    • Cognitive decline in aging is domain-specific, primarily affecting memory.
    • Both early Alzheimer's disease and non-Alzheimer's processes may contribute to age-related memory decline.