Research approaches in health manpower development. Some alternatives

Traditional scientific research approaches have contributed only minimally to the resolution of problems related to the educational aspects of health manpower development. It has been suggested that this lack of impact has been due mainly to the incompatibility of the traditional approaches with the phenomena of concern--naturally occurring educational, human, and social events. The problem has been addressed in considerable detail in the literature that relates to the more general view of education, and the alternative research approaches described in this article are derived from this broader-based literature.