A new method for the quantitative analysis of endodontic microleakage

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the apical seal obtained with three commonly used root canal sealing cements: Sealapex, AH Plus or Topseal, and Sealite, using a new method based on the quantitative analysis of 125I-radiolabeled lysozyme penetration. One hundred thirteen teeth with straight single root canals were instrumented to master apical point #25/30. These were divided into three groups: (i) negative control (4 roots) covered with two layers of nail polish, (ii) test group (105 roots) obturated by laterally condensed guttapercha with the three cements; and (iii) positive control (4 roots) obturated without cement. The groups were then immersed in 125I lysozyme solution for a period of 1, 7, 14, or 28 days. After removal, six sections of 0.8 mm length each were made of each root with a fine diamond wire. Each section was analyzed for activity by a gamma counter, corrected for decay, and used to quantify protein penetration. Leakage was high in the positive control and almost negligible in the negative control. AH Plus (Topseal) and Sealapex showed similar leakage behavior over time, with AH Plus (Topseal) performing better. Sealite showed acceptable leakage up until day 14, after which a large increase occurred, presumably due to three-dimensional instability.