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Risk factors for premature atherosclerosis
V J Leijdekkers1, A C Vahl, J J Leenders
1Department of Vascular Surgery, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Insights
Younger patients with premature atherosclerosis had higher rates of smoking and hypercholesterolemia compared to older patients. This suggests some risk factors may cause early-onset atherosclerosis or require additional factors to induce it.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Atherosclerosis Research
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Premature atherosclerosis, occurring in individuals under 55, presents a significant clinical challenge.
- Understanding the prevalence of risk factors in early-onset atherosclerosis is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and compare the prevalence of various risk factors in patients with premature atherosclerosis versus older patients with atherosclerosis.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective controlled study design was employed.
- 135 patients with premature atherosclerosis (/= 65 years).
- Statistical analyses included Chi-squared tests and logistic regression.
Main Results:
- Patients with premature atherosclerosis exhibited significantly higher rates of smoking (84% vs. 67%) and hypercholesterolemia (47% vs. 34%).
- Conversely, older patients showed higher prevalence of diabetes (27% vs. 11%) and hypertension (58% vs. 36%).
- Elevated hyperhomocysteinemia was noted in 24% of younger patients tested.
Conclusions:
- The distinct risk factor profiles suggest that certain factors may be more potent inducers of premature atherosclerosis.
- The development of premature atherosclerosis might involve a complex interplay of known and potentially other, yet unidentified, risk factors.
Objectives:
to investigate the prevalence of risk factors in patients with premature atherosclerosis.
Design:
retrospective controlled study.
Materials:
135 consecutive patients with premature atherosclerosis /= 65 years (group II) with atherosclerosis. Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis.
Results:
group I versus group II: diabetes 11% vs. 27% (p=0.001), smoking 84% vs. 67% (p=0.002), hypertension 36% vs. 58% (p=0.001), hypercholesterolaemia 47% vs. 34% (p=0.04), family history of cardiovascular disease 53% vs. 42% (p=0.08). In group I hyperhomocysteinaemia was present in 24 of the 108 patients tested, anticardiolipin antibodies were present in four of the 34 tested and coagulation abnormalities were found in four of the 22 patients tested.
Conclusion:
the difference in the prevalence of the different risk factors between the two groups suggests that either certain risk factors are more likely to cause premature atherosclerosis, or that other risk factors must be present in addition to the known risk factors in order to induce premature atherosclerosis.