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Related Experiment Videos

An aqueous concentration model for riverine spills.

D E Hibbs1, J S Gulliver, V R Voller

  • 1Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota 55414, USA.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|May 25, 1999
PubMed
Summary

A new numerical model predicts river water concentrations of chemicals spilled from surface slicks. Less soluble and volatile compounds ultimately reach higher concentrations in water, impacting environmental risk assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental chemistry
  • Riverine contaminant transport
  • Numerical modeling

Background:

  • Oil, fuel, and chemical spills pose risks to riverine ecosystems.
  • Predicting contaminant concentrations in water is crucial for environmental management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a numerical model for predicting aqueous concentrations of sparingly soluble compounds from spills.
  • To simulate the fate of spilled compounds, considering various environmental processes.

Main Methods:

  • A numerical model was developed to simulate slick and aqueous phase concentrations.
  • Key processes simulated include slick spreading, evaporation, dissolution, volatilization, and dispersion.
  • A hypothetical jet fuel spill scenario was used for model demonstration.

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Main Results:

  • Aqueous concentrations are strongly linked to slick phase concentrations.
  • Highly soluble and volatile compounds initially yield higher aqueous concentrations.
  • Less soluble and volatile compounds eventually reach peak aqueous concentrations.
  • Evaporation-driven slick concentration gradients influence aqueous concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • The model provides a tool for assessing the environmental impact of spills.
  • Compound properties (solubility, volatility) significantly influence long-term riverine contamination.
  • Understanding these processes is vital for effective spill response and mitigation.