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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

4.4K
The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

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The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer
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An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer

Published on: February 6, 2011

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[Double cancer observed from bladder cancer].

K Tashiro1, S Iwamuro, T Hatano

  • 1Department of Urology, Kanagawa Prefectural Atsugi Hospital.

Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi. the Japanese Journal of Urology
|June 4, 1999
PubMed
Summary

The incidence of double cancer with bladder cancer is increasing, with prostate, colorectal, and breast cancers being common secondary diagnoses. Patients with double cancer face a poorer prognosis compared to those with single bladder cancer.

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Last Updated: Apr 3, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Context:

  • Cancer survival rates have improved, leading to an increased incidence of second primary cancers.
  • Bladder cancer is a significant concern, with a growing need to understand associated secondary malignancies.

Purpose:

  • To analyze the current status of double cancer in patients with primary bladder cancer.
  • To investigate the frequency, affected organs, age, diagnosis intervals, risk factors, and prognosis of double cancer patients.

Summary:

  • Over 21 years, 969 primary bladder cancer cases were analyzed, revealing 8.36% with double cancer and 0.61% with triple cancer.
  • Common secondary cancers included prostate (3.02%), stomach (2.37%), breast (2.13%), and colon/rectum (1.44%).
  • Double cancer patients had a significantly poorer prognosis than single bladder cancer patients, with higher mortality rates attributed to secondary cancers.

Impact:

  • Highlights the rising trend of double cancers, particularly in conjunction with bladder cancer.
  • Provides crucial data for understanding the epidemiological trends and clinical outcomes of double malignancies.
  • Informs clinical practice and patient counseling regarding the risks and prognosis associated with secondary cancers in bladder cancer survivors.