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Neonatal abstinence syndrome.

D Coghlan1, M Milner, T Clarke

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Obstetrics, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin.

Irish Medical Journal
|June 9, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) in infants is often linked to maternal polydrug abuse. Benzodiazepine exposure can prolong withdrawal symptoms, while morphine sulfate is effective for opiate-related NAS.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pharmacology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a significant concern in neonatal intensive care units.
  • Maternal drug abuse is a primary cause of NAS, necessitating effective treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between maternal drug abuse and NAS symptoms in infants.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological agents in managing NAS symptoms.
  • To determine the length of inpatient stay for infants with NAS.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of maternal and infant records over a 12-month period.
  • Infants with a serial Finnegan score > 8 received pharmacologic treatment.
  • Treatment options included oral morphine sulfate, phenobarbitone, or a combination.

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Main Results:

  • Polydrug abuse was the most common form of maternal drug use.
  • Benzodiazepine exposure was associated with a longer duration of withdrawal symptoms.
  • Average treatment duration was 21.8 days, with a total hospital stay of 1,011 days for 43 infants.

Conclusions:

  • Morphine sulfate is recommended for treating pure opiate withdrawal symptoms in neonates.
  • Understanding maternal drug use patterns is crucial for managing NAS.
  • NAS management significantly impacts pediatric bed occupancy.