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Comparative efficacy of three measles vaccines in Indian children
K Banerjee1, N Shaikh, M Phadke
1National Institute of Virology, Pune.
Insights
The Serum Institute of India (SII) measles vaccine demonstrated superior seroconversion rates and higher overall geometric mean (GM) titres compared to Schwarz (SC) and Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) vaccines in a study of 1005 children. These findings highlight the enhanced immunogenicity of the SII vaccine.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Measles remains a significant global health concern, necessitating effective vaccination strategies.
- Comparative studies are crucial for evaluating the immunogenicity and efficacy of different measles vaccine formulations.
- Understanding vaccine performance across diverse populations and age groups is vital for public health initiatives.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the immunogenicity of three measles vaccines: Serum Institute of India (SII), Schwarz (SC), and Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ).
- To assess seroconversion rates and geometric mean (GM) titres across different vaccine groups and age strata.
- To identify the most effective measles vaccine based on immunological response.
Main Methods:
- A comparative study involving 1005 children vaccinated with one of three measles vaccines: SII (n=527), SC (n=230), or EZ (n=248).
- Measurement of seroconversion rates and antibody titres post-vaccination.
- Statistical analysis to compare vaccine performance, including geometric mean titres and p-values.
Main Results:
- All three vaccines showed favorable reactions, with SII (98.43%), SC (93.40%), and EZ (93.0%) demonstrating high percentages.
- The SII vaccine group exhibited a significantly higher percentage of seroconversion (p < 0.01) compared to SC and EZ vaccines.
- Overall GM titres were significantly higher for the SII vaccine compared to both SC (p > 0.001) and EZ (p > 0.001) vaccines.
- SC and EZ vaccines showed lower GM titres in infants compared to older children (9-12 months; p < 0.05), whereas SII vaccine showed consistent GM titres across age groups.
Conclusions:
- The Serum Institute of India (SII) measles vaccine demonstrates superior immunogenicity, evidenced by significantly higher seroconversion rates and overall geometric mean titres.
- The SII vaccine's consistent performance across different age groups suggests its robust efficacy in pediatric populations.
- Findings support the SII vaccine as a highly effective option for measles prevention, warranting consideration in vaccination programs.
Abstract:
A Comparative study of three types of measles vaccines was undertaken among 1005 children. Of these 527 were vaccinated with the Serum Institute of India (SII) vaccine, 230 with Schwarz (SC) and 248 were vaccinated with Edmonston-Zegreb (EZ) vaccine (imported from Zegreb). Though the majority of children reacted favourably with all the three vaccines (SII: 98.43%; SC: 93.40%; EZ: 93.0%) with a rise in titre, but the percentage of seroconversion was significantly higher with the SII vaccine (p < 0.01). The Schwarz and Edmonston Zagreb vaccines showed significantly less GM titre as compared with the other age group i.e. 9-12 months (p < 0.05). With Serum Institute of India (SII) vaccine the GM titres were almost similar in the different age groups. The overall GM titre obtained with the SII vaccine was significantly higher than the SC vaccine (p > 0.001) as well as the EZ vaccine (p > 0.001). It is of interest to note that among the infants, 22.5% children had measles antibody in them before vaccination.