Health-related hardiness with different ethnic populations

There has been successive strong support for the validity of the Health-Related Hardiness Scale (HRHS) in chronic illness and health-related research over time. The article summarizes health-related hardiness research completed with adults that has relevance for ethnic populations, describes progress with translation of the HRHS, and discusses recommendations for future work, such as international programs using hardiness interventions, continued progress on the translation of the HRHS, and improved retrieval and dissemination of results from HRHS research internationally. The HRHS has been used in more than 250 studies that focused on either health promotion or adaptation to health problems. The instrument has been translated into seven languages, with the most extensive work being reported with the Spanish version.