[Risk factors for the development of malignant melanomas]

There are numerous risk factors for the development of malignant melanomas. Genetic and environmental aspects have to be considered. The most important genetic risk factor is a mutation in the CDKN2A gene, which is a turmorsuppressor-gene which regulates the cell cycle. In addition, the familial dysplastic nevus syndrome shows a marked risk for the development of malignant melanoma. Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum have an inability to repair UV-induced DNA defects. This constellation leads to early development of epitheliomas and malignant melanomas. Constitutional risk factors are fair-red hair and blue eyes with a high tendency for sunburns. The most important environmental factor is UV-exposition. Sunburns before the age of 15 and the total cumulative UV-dosage are high impact risk factors. The most important preventive measures are to check the whole skin at a regular base in a patient with the familal dysplastic nevus syndrome and in addition all persons should wear a hat, trousers, shirt and glasses. Furthermore direct sun exposure should be avoided during noon time.